经典局域共振型水声超材料的吸隔声性能研究*

基于水声超材料吸声机理和多层平行介质平面波理论,建立局域共振型水声超材料结构,通过COMSOL进行建模计算,研究该结构的吸声性能机理,此外为了验证钢背衬的隔声性能,在该水声超材料结构基础上添加一层0.005m厚的钢背衬进行仿真对比。研究结果表明,在频段为200Hz-4000Hz时,水声超材料声学性能较好,吸声性能整体较优,且添加钢背衬的水声超材料隔声性能较优,甚至在某频率点达到15dB的隔声差值;此外通过位移场图进一步揭示水声超材料的吸声机理,发现水声超材料结构的位移场和钢背衬都对吸声性能会产生影响,钢背衬通过影响共振吸收来影响吸声性能,而位移场则通过位移幅度大小影响吸声性能。     

Improving sound diffusion in a reverberation tank using a randomly fluctuating surface

Underwater reverberation environments that satisfy the conditions of uniformity and isotropy of the diffuse field can be used to measure the acoustic characteristics of underwater targets. This study combines two practical indicators — the standard deviation of the absolute sound pressure field (to indicate uniformity) and the analysis of the wavenumber spectrum in the spherical harmonics domain (to indicate isotropy) — for an accurate evaluation of the diffusion of the sound field in a reverberation tank. A method is proposed that can improve the narrow-band diffusion of the sound field by employing a randomly fluctuating surface. An acoustic experiment was performed in a reverberation water tank (1.2 m×1 m×0.8 m), where a randomly fluctuating surface was generated by making waves. The experimental results show that as the wave motion contributes effectively to the random reflection of sound rays in all directions, the uniformity and isotropy are improved significantly when the surface is fluctuating randomly. This work helps to ensure accurate measurements of the characteristics of underwater targets in reverberation tanks.     

Three-dimensional coupled-mode model and characteristics of low-frequency sound propagation in ocean waveguide with seamount topography

Large-scale topography, such as a seamount, substantially impacts low-frequency sound propagation in an ocean waveguide, limiting the application of low-frequency acoustic detecting techniques. A three-dimensional (3D) coupled-mode model is developed to calculate the acoustic field in an ocean waveguide with seamount topography and analyze the 3D effect. In this model, a correction is introduced in the bottom boundary, theoretically making the acoustic field satisfy the energy conservation. Furthermore, a large azimuth angle calculation range is obtained by using the operator theory and higher-order Padé approximation. Additionally, the model has advantages related to the coupling mode and parabolic equation theory. The couplings corresponding to the effects of range-dependent environment are fully considered, and the numerical implementation is kept feasible. After verifying the accuracy and reliability of the model, low-frequency sound propagation characteristics in the seamount environment are analyzed. The results indicate lateral variability in bathymetry can lead to out-of-plane effects such as the horizontal refraction phenomenon, while the coupling effect tends to restore the abnormal sound field and produces acoustic field diffraction behind the seamount. This model effectively considers the effects of the horizontal refraction and coupling, which are proportional to the scale of the seamount.     

测声速的一种新方法

本文介绍了利用听音乐的方式判断超声光栅衍射斑点最强位置的方法,进而准确地测量出超声波在光介质中的传播速度。     

Site Preference Model for Hyperfine Impurities in Compounds

A thermodynamic model for site preferences of solute atoms in ordered binary phases is applied in this paper for substitutional and interstitial sites of the Cu₃Au, or L1₂, structure. Site preferences are found to depend on formation energies of combinations of elementary point defects and on energies for transfer of solutes among different sites. The composition dependence in compounds having a wide phase field is examined in detail. A phenomenology of site preference behavior is outlined for regular lattice sites as well as for non-lattice sites such as grain boundaries. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

储粮害虫声信号的检测和应用

与传统的储粮害虫检测方法相比,害虫的声测报技术作为一种快速、实用的新方法,正日益受到重视,近年来,这一领域在微电子设备及计算机技术的推动下,取得了很大进展,已由最初在小容器谷物样品中钻蛀为害粮粒害虫声音的技术,发展到目前实仓多点监测储糖害虫声音的微机监控系统,实现了对储糖害虫侵害程度的量化,通过声信号识别害虫种类方面的工作也在进一步的研究中,文章综述了储糖害虫声测报领域的发展历程,最新进展及存在问题。     

固体隔声层对超声波传播的影响实验研究

介绍了一种可用于实验教学的测量固体隔声层对超声波传播发生影响的实验装置,并进行了实际测量,理论和实验结果相符较好。     

基于犹豫模糊偏好关系FMEA方法的改进

为有效解决产品在研发过程中存在的一系列质量可靠性问题,本文提出了一种新的基于犹豫模糊偏好关系的改进FMEA方法。考虑到专家小组对不同失效模式评估时主要依据相关标准和自身经验,存在犹豫模糊不确定或自身偏好问题。本文首先对风险因子的评分标准进行犹豫模糊化,并用犹豫模糊偏好关系对失效模式的相对风险矩阵进行处理;其次,将得到的具有犹豫模糊偏好关系的综合偏好值与犹豫模糊评价信息相结合,得到改进的风险优先数,从而得出新的失效模式风险评估顺序对FMEA进行改进;最后,利用改进的FMEA模型对产品研发过程中的质量风险进行分析验证,使得风险结果更接近实际情况,进而提高研发成功率,显示该方法可行、有效。     

基于委托代理理论的医疗激励契约研究

医患之间的高度信息不对称性是导致医患矛盾的重要原因。现有研究基于信息不对称情况下医患之间的委托代理关系模式,针对可能导致的道德风险问题设计了不同的医疗激励机制,但是没有充分考虑医疗服务的不确定性和异质性。本文考虑医方努力的不同动机,提出二维努力水平的概念,以医患双方效益最大化为目标,对患方就医过程中的医患博弈时序进行研究,在医方具有信息优势的条件下设计了不同情况下的医疗激励契约模型。数值分析结果表明,医方的固定医疗收益、收益提成比例和二维努力水平等激励参数与医方努力产出的边际收支系数、医患双方的风险偏好程度以及随机因素的扰动程度等均存在显著的相关关系。     

情绪对股票投资收益及后续投资决策的影响

金融学视角的研究使用市场变量代表投资者情绪,未能触及情绪本质.从心理学视角出发,使用行为金融实验方法,研究股票投资者的真实情绪对收益率及后续决策风险偏好的影响.结果发现:1)股价单边下跌时,产生适度消极情绪的个体收益最高.2)对于后续盈利情境的决策,前期产生积极情绪的个体倾向于规避风险,产生消极情绪的个体倾向于寻求风险;对于后续亏损情境的决策,个体均表现为寻求风险.3)股价单边上涨或下跌时,个体最容易出现的具体情绪分别是"倍受鼓舞"、"内疚"等.